Alauddin Khilji and Padmavat of Jayasi are separated by 224 years and over 650 kilometres (Jayasi's grave is near Amethi). After returning to Delhi, he took Alauddin's permission to lead an expedition there. He brought the treasure looted in the Devagiri raid to Kara instead of surrendering it to Jalaluddin. The other section, led by Zafar Khan, marched to Delhi via Koil (modern Aligarh). Kafur also raided the Pandya kingdom (1311), obtaining much treasure and many elephants and horses. His coins omitted the mention of the Khalifa, replacing it with the self-laudatory title Sikander-us-sani Yamin-ul-Khilafat. Q. It is time for a reckoning not only in how we see Khilji, but historical figures in general. Having suddenly become a princess after Jalaluddin's rise as a monarch, she was very arrogant and tried to dominate Alauddin. Alauddin also took steps to curb adultery by ordering the male adulterer to be castrated and the female adulterer to be stoned to death. [154] This policy of compromise with Hindus was greatly criticized by a small but vocal set of Muslim extremists, as apparent from Barani's writings. [54][55] Many Mongols were taken captive and killed; the 16th-century historian Firishta claims that the heads (sir) of 8,000 Mongols were used to build the Siri Fort commissioned by Alauddin. Among the rulers of medieval India, Ala-ud-din occupies an honourable place both as a conqueror and an administrator. He was the most powerful ruler of his dynasty and one of the Sultans of Delhi Sultanate. He died in January 1316, and according to chronicler Ziauddin Barani, Malik Kafur conspired to murder Alauddin. confrontations with Kanhadadeva, the Chahamana ruler of Jalore. [108], Subsequently, Alauddin also banned other intoxicants, including cannabis. [91] He did not levy any additional taxes on agriculture, and abolished the cut that the intermediaries received for collecting revenue. Alauddin Khalji's taxation system was probably the one institution from his reign that lasted the longest, surviving indeed into the nineteenth or even the twentieth century. [94] By suppressing these chiefs, Alauddin projected himself as the protector of the weaker section of the rural society. - Alauddin Khalji to Qazi Mughisuddin, who had announced to the Sultan that almost everything he did violated the shariat. The real name of Alauddin Khilji was Ali Gurshap. [93] He forced the rural chiefs to pay same taxes as the others, and banned them from imposing illegal taxes on the peasants. Join now. Alauddin Khilji, the second ruler of the Khilji Dynasty was one of the most powerful rulers to ever reign the Delhi Sultanate from 1296 A.D. to 1316 A.D. [52] The Delhi army conquered the fort, and the defending ruler Sitaladeva was killed in November 1308. The below mentioned article provides a biography on Ala-Ud-Din Khalji of the Khalji Dynasty. He states that such a submission on the part of the Hindus "has neither been seen before nor will be witnessed hereafter". Alauddin Khilji’s Madrasa, which also has his tomb to the south, ca 1316 AD At the back of the complex, southwest of the mosque, stands an L-shaped construction, consisting of Alauddin Khilji’s tomb dating ca 1316 AD, and a madrasa, an Islamic seminary built by him. [20] Having strengthened his control over Delhi, the Sultan started eliminating the officers that were not his own appointees. Alauddin was a nephew and a son-in-law of his predecessor Jalaluddin. Malika-i-Jahan ("Queen of the World") was the first and chief wife of Sultan Alauddin Khalji, the most powerful ruler of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate.She was the daughter of Alauddin's predecessor and paternal uncle, Sultan Jalaluddin Khalji, the founder of the Khalji dynasty. Alauddin Khilji was the one ruler who made many reforms in the existing administration and improved the army to prevent any revolt against him. He left Devagiri with a huge amount of wealth, including precious metals, jewels, silk products, elephants, horses, and slaves. 7) Khilji had a bad relation with his wife Malika-i-jahan due to the deceit murder of his father in law Jalaluddin. He surrendered this looted treasure to Jalaluddin which helped him to earn Sultan’s trust. According to the later chronicler Barani, he rarely heeded to the orthodox ulema but believed "that the Hindu will never be submissive and obedient to the Musalman unless the Hindu is reduced to extreme poverty." Ala-ud-din (died 1316) was the second sultan of the Khalji dynasty of Delhi in India. [67], Meanwhile, after conquering Siwana, Alauddin had ordered his generals to subjugate other parts of Marwar, before returning to Delhi. Emraan Hashmi Wiki, Age, Girlfriend, Wife, Family, Biography & More, A. R. 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The government also forced the transport workers to re-settle in villages at specific distances along the Yamuna river to enable rapid transport of grain to Delhi. This time, Alauddin's general Zafar Khan defeated the invaders, and recaptured the fort. [17], At this time, Alauddin's could not exercise his authority over all of Jalaluddin's former territories. Alauddin Khilji’s faithful ally Ram Chandra had died in 1312 and was succeeded by his son Singhana who had severed all the connections with the Sultnate and began to rule independently. [147] Barani's claim that Alauddin thought of founding a religion has been repeated by several later chroniclers as well as later historians. On his orders, Nusrat Khan arrested, blinded and/or killed the surviving members of Jalaluddin's family. Background. A section of Mongol leaders plotted to kill Alauddin, but the conspiracy was discovered by Alauddin's agents. [139], In the early years of the 14th century, Alauddin built the Siri Fort. He was the eldest son of Shihabuddin Mas'ud, who was the elder brother of the Khalji dynasty's founder Sultan Jalaluddin. [70] Kafur started his march from Delhi in November 1310,[71] and crossed Deccan in early 1311, supported by Alauddin's tributaries Ramachandra and Prataparudra. Alauddin served his uncle Jalaluddin as Amir-i-Tuzuk (equivalent to Master of Ceremonies) and Almas Beg as Akhur-beg (equivalent to Master of the Horse). [84], Some of Alauddin's land reforms were continued by his successors, and formed a basis of the agrarian reforms introduced by the later rulers such as Sher Shah Suri and Akbar. [16] He also increased the strength of the Sultanate's army, and gifted every soldier the salary of a year and a half in cash. Sreenivasan notes that Khalji’s … [101] Although he was opposed to granting lands to his generals and soldiers, he generously rewarded them after successful campaigns, especially those in Deccan. Even wives and children of soldiers rebelling for greater war spoils were imprisoned. And all the Rajput men died fighting with the army of Alauddin. [9] In addition, the Sultan granted Alauddin's request to use the revenue surplus for hiring additional troops. He fixed the prices for a wide range of goods, including grains, cloth, slaves and animals. अलाउद्दीन खिलजी, खिलजी वंश के दुसरे शासक थे, जो एक बहुत शक्तिशाली और महत्वाकांक्षी राजा थे. He never asked for legal opinions about political matters, and very few learned men visited him. She even attacked his second wife, Mahru due to jealousy. His body was buried here. [10], After years of planning and preparation, Alauddin successfully raided Devagiri in 1296. [15] A dejected Ruknuddin then retreated and escaped to Multan with his mother and the loyal nobles. [142], The construction of the Lal Mahal (Red Palace) sandstone building near Chausath Khamba has also been attributed to Alauddin, because its architecture and design is similar to that of the Alai Darwaza. Jalaluddin's advisors such as Ahmad Chap recommended intercepting Alauddin at Chanderi, but Jalaluddin had faith in his nephew. He even inscribed the title Sikander-i-Sani on the coins. [8] A pleased Jalaluddin gave him the office of Ariz-i Mamalik (Minister of War), and also made him the governor of Awadh. [4] At Bhilsa, he came to know about the immense wealth of the southern Yadava kingdom in the Deccan region, as well as about the routes leading to their capital Devagiri. Alauddin Khilji/Khalji Age, Sexuality, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More . [17] In November 1296, Alauddin sent an army led by Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan to conquer Multan. [83] According to historian Satish Chandra, Alauddin's reforms were based on his conception of fear and control as the basis of good government as well as his military ambitions: the bulk of the measures were designed to centralise power in his hands and to support a large military. He was brought up by his uncle and the founder of Khalji Dynasty Sultan Jalaluddin with his three brothers Almas Beg aka Ulugh Khan, Qutlugh Tigin, and Muhammad after the death of his father. He was really passionate about ruling over the world and had a desire to become the Second Alexender. He returned to Delhi in 1296, murdered Jalal-ud-din and assumed power as Sultan. Many people, from both military and non-military backgrounds, joined him. [87], After some initial conspiracies and Hindu revolts in rural areas during the early period of his reign, he struck the root of the problem by introducing reforms that also aimed at ensuring support of his army and food supply to his capital. It appears that Malik Kafur, who considered these officers as his rivals and a threat, convinced Alauddin to carry out this purge. When he reached Siri, Ruknuddin led an army against him. [111], Alauddin also increased his level of control over the nobility. When Jalal-ud-din became Sultan, he offered Ala-ud-din the title of Amir-i-Tuzak and also made him the governor of Kara and Manikpur. All their property, including the money earlier given to them by Alauddin, was confiscated. At times, he exploited Muslim fanaticism against Hindu chiefs and the treatment of the zimmis. [139], Like his predecessors, Alauddin was a Sunni Muslim. How did Alauddin Khilji die? Alauddin Khilji was born to Shihabuddin Mas’ud. [107], Although Islam bans alcoholic drinks, drinking was common among the Muslim royals and nobles of the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century, and Alauddin himself was a heavy drinker. Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin Khilji Died in January 1316. Death of Alauddin Khilji. Allegedly, Alauddin was bi-sexual, and in the last years of his life, he shared a special bond with his most loyal officer Malik Kafur who he had captured as a slave during the Gujarat invasion. He further states that Alauddin once thought of establishing a new religion. Thus, most fierce invasions of the Mongols took place during reign of Ala-ud-din Khilji. It is believed that quite a lot of the historical memoirs were written solely for the purpose of projecting a powerful… Alauddin’s tomb and madrasa are situated at the back of Qutb complex, Mehrauli, Delhi. In response, Alauddin assaulted her. Multan was controlled by Jalaluddin's son Arkali, who harboured the fugitives from Delhi. Alauddin Khalji was the nephew and son-in-law of Jalal-ud-din. He forced Alauddin to come out of rat hole and fight him personally. The invaders ransacked Delhi and its neighbourhoods, but ultimately decided to retreat after being unable to breach Siri. [118] However, Kafur was killed shortly after, and Alauddin's elder son Mubarak Khan seized the power. His administration persecuted the Ismaili (Shia) minorities, after the orthodox Sunnis falsely accused them of permitting incest in their "secret assemblies". [163] Kakkasuri in Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha mentions Alp Khan issuing a farman permitting the Jain merchant Samara Shah to renovate a damaged Shatrunjaya temple. [34], In 1301, Alauddin ordered Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to invade Ranthambore, whose king Hammiradeva had granted asylum to the leaders of the mutiny near Jalore. [104], Alauddin maintained a large standing army, which included 475,000 horsemen according to the 16th-century chronicler Firishta. [4], While instigating Alauddin to revolt against Jalaluddin, Malik Chajju's supporters emphasized that he needed a lot of money to raise a large army and stage a successful coup: Malik Chajju's revolt had failed for want of resources. Under the Mamluks, Hindus were deprived of positions in higher bureaucracy. After he looted Devagiri, he again got married to the princess of Devagiri, Jhatyapali and had a son with her named Shihabuddin Omar who was also the successor of Khalji Dynasty. When Malika-i-Jahan heard that Jalaluddin's nobles had joined Alauddin, she apologized to Arkali and offered him the throne, requesting him to march from Multan to Delhi. Jalaluddin’s wife was entirely against Alauddin and had warned the Sultan about his intentions. The Jain poet Acharya Ramachandra Suri was also honored by him. [159] During Ikat Khan's rebellion, the Sultan's life was saved by Hindu soldiers (paiks). [13], Alauddin, known as Ali Gurshasp until his ascension in July 1296, was formally proclaimed as the new king with the title Alauddunya wad Din Muhammad Shah-us Sultan at Kara. [119] Based on Barani's description, scholars Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai believe that Alauddin and Kafur were in a homosexual relationship. He died on January 1316 due to an acute health condition. A historian writes he had wedded Alauddin’s widow, Shihabuddin’s mother Jhatyapalli to legitimize his power. [63] In August–September 1308, Alauddin personally took charge of the siege operations in Siwana. [127] According to the chronicler Firishta, sometime between 1306-7, Kamala Devi requested Alauddin to secure her daughter Deval Devi from the custody of her father, Raja Karan. A day later he read out the will and named Shihabuddin as successor even though all the powers were held by him. [21] Since Ala-ul Mulk had become very obese, the governorship of Kara was entrusted to Nusrat Khan, who had become unpopular in Delhi because of the confiscations. Malik Chajju, the Governor of Kara, considered Jalaluddin an ineffective ruler and had started a revolt against him. After becoming the Sultan of Delhi, he managed to deceive the Mongols and conquered many Hindu kingdoms including ‘Gujarat,’ ‘Chittor,’ ‘Malwa,’ ‘Siwana,’ ‘Jalore,’ etc. He strengthened the forts and the military presence along the Mongol routes to India. He started concentrating all the power in the hands of his family and his slaves. It is ironical that Alauddin was murdered by Malik Kafur and Alauddin’s son and successor Sultan Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah was murdered by his long time sex slave Khusro Khan, ending the Khilji dynasty in 1320. [143], In 1311, Alauddin repaired the 100-acre Hauz-i-Shamasi reservoir that had been constructed by Shamsuddin Iltutmish in 1229, and also built a dome at its centre. This automatically made him the next Sultan of Delhi. A gullible Jalaluddin set out for Kara with his army. These temples included the ones at Bhilsa (1292), Devagiri (1295), Vijapur (1298–1310), Somnath (1299), Jhain (1301), Chidambaram (1311) and Madurai (1311). He was the most ambitious ruler among. To prevent a black market, his administration prohibited peasants and traders from storing the grains, and established government-run granaries, where government's share of the grain was stored. After reaching close to Kara, he directed Ahmad Chap to take his main army to Kara by the land route, while he himself decided to cross the Ganges river with a smaller body of around 1,000 soldiers. [38] Alauddin captured Chittor after an eight-month long siege. When did Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji die? According to chronicler Ziauddin Barani, the first ruling year of Alauddin was the happiest year for the people of Delhi. According to Amir Khusrow, 20,000 Mongols were killed in the battle, and many more were killed in Delhi after being brought there as prisoners. Ferishta has written that Malik Kafur was afraid of Mallika-i-Jahan and her son Khizr Khanand wished to go away from the capital requested Alauddin Khilji to send him to Deccan. 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