When this was accomplished with the Independence of India in 1947, they were quickly brushed aside by the Indian population. History of Chennai (Madras), experience the modern and ancient historic past events, people and governments of Chennai (Madras) - Lonely Planet Lonely Planet Travel Guides and Travel Information Hi there, we use cookies to improve your experience on our website. Tamil Nadu Information - History Of Tamil Nadu. The region was often called by different names as madrapupatnam, madras kuppam, madraspatnam, and madirazpatnam as adopted by locals. The history of Tamil Nadu goes back to the early stone age. the period when the British gained possession of the area. Controversially, in an attempt to revise history and justify renaming the city as Chennai, the ruling party has purged the history of the early English Madras settlements. Each time, the survivors fell back upon the safety of the Fort St George. During World War I, Madras (Chennai) was shelled by the German light cruiser SMS Emden, resulting in 5 civilian deaths and 26 wounded. history of madurai in tamil . Most of these were recruited as cheap labor from the relatively poor Telugu nationality, which in turn enraged the Tamil nationals who were originally the working and middle class settlers of Madras in the late 18th century. CC BY-SA 2.0. The Early History of Madras (Chennai) Fort St. George, in Madras (Chennai) on the Coromandel Coast, India (1753) About 1620 the East India Company established another factory at Masulipatam on the eastern side of India. The 2004 tsunami lashed the shores of Chennai killing many. The Vijayanagar rulers who controlled the area, appointed chieftains known as Nayaks who ruled over the different regions of the province almost independently. This together with the written records makes it clear that the Fort which became the centre of present Chennai, was built upon or nearby the village of Madraspatnam. Under this Charter, the British and Protestant inhabitants were granted the rights of self-government and independence from company law. Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan, the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League. As a result, during the Governorship of Elihu Yale (1687–92), the large number of British and European settlers led to the most important political event which was the formation of the institution of a Mayor and the Corporation for the city of Madras. After India's Independence, the state of Madras came into existence and 1968, the name was changed to Tamil Nadu. When the Portuguese arrived in 1522, they built a port and named it São Tomé, after the Christian apostle St. Thomas, who is believed to have preached there between the years 52 and 70. Similar to the versions of the origin of the name. Karuthiraman said, “Madras is a name in world history; Tamil Nadu will take time to reach the same heights”. The demands for the immediate creation of a Telugu-speaking state were met with after Tirupati was included in Andhra State and after the leaders who led the movement were convinced to give up their claim on Madras. The Pallavas who had so far been merely viceroys, then became independent rulers of Kanchipuram and its surrounding areas. By 1646, the settlement had reached 19,000 persons and with the Portuguese and Dutch populations at their forts substantially more. In the Tamil language, the … The Department of comparative Philology, Oriental Research Institute, University of Madras first began its researches in Tamil in 1914. These settlers and their families spread throughout India or settled in the cities, with Madras being one of their principal entry points. In the same year, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in Sriperumbudur, a small town close to Chennai, whilst campaigning in Tamil Nadu, by Thenmuli Rajaratnam A.K.A. Vaiyapuri Pillai, Sri.R.P. Therefore, from 1965 to 1967, the city saw agitations against this two language (Hindi and local language) policy, and witnessed sporadic rioting. My Thoughts on Life, Travels and Culture. January 2021 0 0 On 22nd August 1639, a small piece of land was purchased by the British East India Company which is located on the Coromandel Coast in Chandragiri from Peda Venkata Raya, king of Vijayanagar. The Pandyas under Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan rose to power and the region was brought under the Pandya rule by putting an end to Chola supremacy in 1264. Eventually, after additional provocations from Golkonda, the British pushed back until they defeated him. History about Chennai. In 1927, a separate Tamil Department was established in the Institute. In 1746, Fort St George and Madras were captured at last. It in honor of the later village upon which the British named the entire colony and the combined city Madras. 1 Loction 2 Earlier 3 Population 4 Well known for It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The capital of the province was Kancheepuram. Both groups strived to grow their colonial populations and although their populations reached 10,000 people when the British arrived, they remained substantially outnumbered by the local Indian population. Further militating against the name "Chennai", Chennapatnam was the name in later years of an area explicitly detailed as having been incorporated of native villages, European plantations, and European merchant houses outside of the combined city of Madras consisting of Fort St. George, and White and Black Town. Over time, Indians also arrived in ever greater numbers and soon, the Portuguese and other non-Protestant Christian Europeans were outnumbered. Today, they are the … Lastly, while the Fort St. George, White Town, and Black Town areas were fully incorporated together by the late 18th century, and was known as Madras, Chennapatnam was its own separate entity existing under the authority of Fort St. George well into the 19th century. The grant expired, and Ivy sent Factor Greenhill on a mission to Chandragiri to meet the new Raja and to get the grant renewed. The Original Name of Madras Is Puliyur kottam which is 2000 year old Tamil ancient name. Their small fortified settlement quickly attracted other East Indian traders and as the Dutch position collapsed under hostile Indian power they also slowly joined the settlement. In 1674, the expanded colony had nearly 50,000 mostly British and European colonists and was granted its own corporate charter, thereby officially establishing the modern day city. As a result, owing to the frequency of outbursts of racial and national violence against the Europeans and especially the English, Fort St George with its impressive fortifications became the nucleus around which the city grew and rebuilt itself. mixed Anglo Indian descendants of the original English settlers, a smaller but still extant British and European community, as well as migrant Malayalee communities in the city. He had his headquarters at Wandiwash, and his brother Ayyappa Nayakudu resided at Poonamallee, a few miles to the west of Madras, where he looked after the affairs of the coast. This only furthered to mitigate continued British settlement. (i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852. The bank still has its corporate headquarters in the city. Chennai is stated to be an important contributor towards the administrative, military, and economic centre since the 1st century. Following several outbreaks of violence by various Hindu and Muslim Indian communities against the Christian Europeans, White Town's defenses and its territorial charter was expanded to incorporate most of the area which had grown up around its walls thereby incorporating most of its Catholic European settlements. But there is some consensus that it is an abbreviation of Madraspatnam, the site chosen by the British East India Company for a permanent settlement in 1639.[15]. However, it is widely recorded that while the official center of the present settlement was designated Fort St. George, the British applied the name Madras to a new large city which had grown up around the Fort including the "White Town" consisting principally of British settlers, and "Black Town" consisting of principally Catholic Europeans and allied Indian minorities. By 1612, the Dutch established themselves in Pulicat to the north. For instance, Golkonda forces under General Mir Jumla conquered Madras in 1646, massacred or sold into slavery many of the Christian European inhabitants and their allied Indian communities, and brought Madras and its immediate surroundings under his control. Dieser wurde 1956 durch den States Reorganisation Act nach den Sprachgrenzen des Tamil neu formiert und 1969 in Tamil Nadu umbenannt. To differentiate these non-European and non-Christian area from "White Town", the new settlement was termed "Black Town. They requested Day and the Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu to wait until the sanction of the superior English Presidency of Bantam in Java could be obtained for their action. (iv) V.S. Several times throughout the life of the colony, the Fort became the last refuge of Europeans and their allied Indian communities due to raids by several Indian rulers and powers, which resulted in the almost total destruction of the town. The state’s Telugu-speaking areas were separated to form part of the new state of The region was then a part of the Vijayanagara Empire, then headquartered at Chandragiri in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Spencer's started as a small business in 1864 and went on to become the biggest department stores in Asia at the time. Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fifth largest city. Because of its importance to the East India Company, the French plundered and destroyed the village of Chepauk and Blacktown, the locality across from the port where all the dockyard labourers used to live.[8]. In 1912 endowments were made to the University to establish departments of Indian History, Archaeology, Comparative Philology and Indian Economics. Madras to Chennai | 1900 - 2018 | Road to Chennai | Exclusive Transformation of Chennai - Duration: 3:27. The Grant was for a period of two years and empowered the Company to build a fort and castle on about five square kilometers of its strip of land.[7]. On July 18, 1967, Chief Minister Anna prepared a resolution to change the name of Madras State to Tamil Nadu in English and Tamil languages. The development of a harbour in Madras led the city to become an important centre for trade between India and Europe in the 18th century. Set on the Bay of Bengal and first developed from the British Fort St. George, the site of the modern city of Chennai was once home to a collection of fishing and agricultural villages. [6] Ayyappa Nayakudu persuaded his brother to lease the sandy strip to Francis Day and promised him trade benefits, army protection, and Persian horses in return. The history of Tamil Nadu from the mid-17th century to 1946 is the story of the British-controlled Madras Presidency in relationship to the rise and fall of British power in India. The Dioceses of Chingleput, Coimbatore, Ootacamund and Vellore … Population of Telugu's and Tamils were more or less the same in those days, however dynamics of Madras city was changed post independence rapidly. Overview. Chennai boasts of a long history from the English East India Company, through the British rule to its evolution in the late 20th century as a services and manufacturing hub for India. The name Madras was Derived from Madrasan a fisherman head who lived in coastal area of Madras. At that time the Coromandel Coast was ruled by Peda Venkata Raya, from the Aravidu Dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire based out of Chandragiri-Vellore. The English translation of the motto of the University of Madras is: "Learning promotes (one's) natural (innate) talent." It is dated October - November 1645. In 1996, keeping with the recent nationwide practice of Indianizing city names, the Government of Tamil Nadu, then represented by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, renamed the city to Chennai. This period witnessed remarkable development of trade and increase in wealth resulting in the building of many fine houses, mansions, housing developments, an expanded port and city complete with new city walls, and various churches and schools for the British colonists and missionary schools for the local Indian population. Under British rule, the city grew into a major urban centre and naval base. In turn, the Madras Stock Exchange was established in 1920. The Fort still stands today, and a part of it is used to house the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and the Office of the Chief Minister. But this time it was by the French under General La Bourdonnais, who used to be the Governor of Mauritius. Subsequently, Firmans were issued by the Mughal Emperor granting the rights of the English East India company in Madras and formally ending the official capacity of local rulers to attack the British. Photo credit: Flickr/Balu Velachery/ Modern Chennai had its origins as a colonial city and its initial growth was closely tied to its importance as an artificial harbour and trading center. In 1930, the Tamil Department was further expanded. To further consolidate their position, the Company combined the various settlements around an expanded Fort St. George, which including its citadel also included a larger outside area surrounded by an additional wall. The next year British built the Fort St. George which then became a core part of the growing colonial city. The British fought with various European powers, notably the French at Vandavasi (Wandiwash) in 1760, where de Lally was defeated by Sir Eyre Coote, and the Danish at Tharangambadi (Tranquebar). Consequently, once the area separating Chennapatnam and Old Madras was built over uniting the two settlements, as founders, settlers, and authorities of area, the English named the new united city Madras. As stipulated by the Treaty signed with the Nayak, the British and other Christian Europeans were not allowed to decorate the outside of their buildings in any other color but white. Tondaimandalam was ruled in the 2nd century CE by Tonda… It was named after the Christian leader of reforms, St. Thomas who preached in the area between 52 and 70 A.D. Ellāḷaṉ statue in the premises of Madras High Court. Elihu Yale, after whom Yale University is named, was British governor of Madras for five years. Because the Raja operated an arbitrary and capricious legal code which fundamentally discriminated against private property, trade, and merchandising in general, and against non-Indians in particular, the new grant signed in 1645 expanded the rights of the English by empowering them to administer English Common Law amongst their colonists and Civil Law between the colonists and the other European, Muslim, and Hindu nationalities. 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