Architecture definition is - the art or science of building; specifically : the art or practice of designing and building structures and especially habitable ones. Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι-"chief" and τέκτων "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Many wood doors are custom-made, but they have several downsides: their price, their maintenance requirements (regular painting and staining) and their limited insulating value[20] (R-5 to R-6, not including the effects of the glass elements of the doors). The ledges hold the planks together. In the UK, Regulation 14 of the Workplace (Health and Safety Regulations) 1992 requires that builders mark windows and glass doors to make them conspicuous. Spire: A cone shaped roof element with a steep point. [23] The most common interior door is 860 mm x 1985 mm (33.8" x 78.1"). Door definition: A door is a piece of wood , glass , or metal , which is moved to open and close the... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The louvered (or blind) door and the screen door have been used primarily in the United States. Although most architectural features are usually referred to as "that thing on top of the thing," "the twisty thing over there on the side," or … As a structural element that supports both the door … Pushing the door outward at its closed position, through a switch mechanism, disconnects power to the latch and lets the door swing outward. Customary sizes have a height of 78" (1981 mm) or 80" (2032 mm) and a width of 18" (472 mm), 24" (610 mm), 26" (660 mm), 28" (711 mm), 30" (762 mm) or 36" (914 mm). The latter design is Coptic in origin. They were designed with a series of panels in relief, establishing a sculptural tradition of historical narrative that distinguishes Romanesque and, later, bronze doors. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Fire fighters must use door breaching techniques in these situations to gain access. According to the US General Services Administration, discussing child care centres: ...It is essential that children's fingers be protected from being crushed or otherwise injured in the hinge space of a swinging door or gate. Vehicle doors present an increased risk of trapping hands or fingers due to the proximity of occupants. ", "DIN 18101 Maßnorm für Türen grundlegend überarbeitet", "Protecting Children's Fingers from Door Injuries", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Door&oldid=1007693051, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Wikipedia articles needing context from November 2015, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from November 2015, Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A remote sensor (e.g. Doors in a bypass unit overlap slightly when viewed from the front so they don't have a visible gap when closed. A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress into and egress from an enclosure. The Roman paneled design and mounting technique continued in Byzantine and Romanesque architecture. Wooden doors – including solid wood doors – are a top choice for many homeowners, largely because of the aesthetic qualities of wood. One of the oldest DIN standard applies: DIN 107 "Building construction; identification of right and left side" (first 1922–05, current 1974-04) defines that doors are categorized from the side where the door hinges can be seen. The Vehicle Assembly Building was originally built for the assembly of the Apollo missions' Saturn vehicles and was then used to support Space Shuttle operations. Operating the inside grip unlocks the outside grip. Corrections? a Rabbet) on the vertical edge(s) where they meet. These were used in historic English houses, mainly as servants' doors. Of others in South Italy and Sicily, the following are the finest: in Sant Andrea, Amalfi (1060); Salerno (1099); Canosa (1111); Troia, two doors (1119 and 1124); Ravello (1179), by Barisano of Trani, who also made doors for Trani cathedral; and in Monreale and Pisa cathedrals, by Bonano of Pisa. EN 12519 is describing the terms which are officially used in European Member States. The DIN commission created the harmonized European standard DIN EN 14351-1 for exterior doors and DIN EN 14351-2 for interior doors (published 2006–07, 2010-08), which define requirements for the CE marking and provide standard sizes by examples in the appendix. This Roman type of door was adopted in Islāmic countries. At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria, Burckhardt found stone doors, 2.74 to 3.048 m (8.99 to 10.00 ft) high, being the entrance doors of the town. The typical Western medieval door was of vertical planks backed with horizontals or diagonal bracing. Rather than cover the danger area, the shape of the door changes to prevent an accessible gap forming the first place. 2 : the molding around a rectangular opening (such as a door) While facing the door from the outside or less secure side, if the hinge is on the right side of the door, the door is "right handed"; or if the hinge is on the left, it is "left handed". Architectural terms used in describing heritage structures. [7] In England in the 17th century the door panels were raised with bolection or projecting moldings, sometimes richly carved, round them; in the 18th century the moldings worked on the stiles and rails were carved with the egg and tongue ornament. The stiles were the vertical boards, one of which, tenoned or hinged, is known as the hanging stile, the other as the middle or meeting stile. Two car garage doors (sometimes called double car doors) are a single door 16'-0". high in Gothic niches, and in the upper panels a double range of niches with figures about 2 ft (0.61 m). How to use architecture … There are various levels of door protection. The DIN Right and DIN Left marking are also used to categorize matching installation material such as mortise locks (referenced in DIN 107). Ghiberti’s east doors (1425–52) have come to be known as the “Gates of Paradise” (“Porta del Paradiso”). Instead of hinges, it has a mechanism, often counterbalanced or sprung, so it can lift and rest horizontally above the opening. The use of monumental bronze doors is a tradition that has persisted into the 20th century. Stave-core – Consists of wooden slats stacked upon one another in a manner similar to a board and batten door (though the slats are usually thinner) or the wooden-block hollow-core (except that the space is entirely filled). A classification definition is a group of named properties or characteristics that you can assign to building objects such as walls and doors. ", "Front Doors, Garage Doors Insights from The Door Zone", "Doors in Venice: among water, art and architecture", https://gumroad.com/tales/p/upgrade-your-home-with-contemporary-flush-doors, "Why do the entry doors to most homes open inward, while in most public buildings, the entry doors open outward? Doorstops are simple devices that prevent a door from contacting and possibly damaging another object (typically a wall). But there are very few door models with an R-value close to 10 (which is far less than the R-40 walls or the R-50 ceilings of super-insulated buildings – Passive Solar and Zero Energy Buildings). The oldest door in England can be found in Westminster Abbey and dates from 1050. Door sizes are also given in the construction standard for wooden door panels (DIN 68706-1). This is sometimes the case in trains or airplanes, such as for the door to the toilet, which opens inward. Specifying an incorrect hand or swing can make the door bind, not close properly, or leak. Doors of rigid, permanent materials appeared simultaneously with monumental … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known automatic door in the 1st century AD during the era of Roman Egypt. High Speed refrigeration and cold room doors with excellent insulation values was also introduced with the Green and Energy saving requirements. In the Hauran in Syria where timber is scarce, the doors were made of stone, and one measuring 1.63 m (5.3 ft) by 0.79 m (31 in) is in the British Museum; the band on the meeting stile shows that it was one of the leaves of a double door. entablature over a mantle, door or window. As such doors can only be forced open from the outside, building occupants would be prevented from escaping. Anti-finger trapping devices in front may leave the rear hinge pin side of doors unprotected. Ancient Roman bronze doors of the Curia Julia, now in the Basilica of St. John Lateran (Rome), Gothic door of the St Magnus Cathedral (Kirkwall, Scotland, UK), An Islamic door decorated with geometric patterns, in Morocco, Door with lock, late 19th or early 20th century, wood with iron, from Burkina Faso, in the Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Door of the Laboratorium voor Artsenijbereidkunde, an example of Dutch Renaissance architecture, in Amsterdam (the Netherlands), Detail of a Rococo of the Palais Rohan from Strasbourg (France), Neoclassical panel with a trophy representing Europe, from the 18th century, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City), Neoclassical door of the main entrance of the Palace of Justice (Brussels, Belgium), Neoclassical door without ornaments, in the BCR Headquarters Building from Bucharest, Egyptian Revival door from Saint Petersburg (Russia), Double door of a city-house from Bucharest (Romania), A door of the National Museum of Romanian History (Bucharest), Art Nouveau metal and glass door in Nancy (France), with a big transparent awning above it, Traditional folding doors in The Old Museum of Wisteria (Changzhou, China), A decorated door from the Gandantegchinlen Monastery (Mongolia), 5 Blythswood Square. The earliest large examples are the 24-foot (7.3-metre) double doors of the Roman Pantheon. The wood doors would seem to have been about 7.62 cm (3.00 in) thick, but the hanging stile was over 360 millimetres (14 in) diameter. 1 : the lowest division of an entablature resting in classical architecture immediately on the capital of the column — see column illustration. Updates? But in other cases (e.g., a vehicle door) the two sides are radically different. That is split into four or five horizontal sections so that they can be raised more easily and don't require a lot of additional space above the door when opening and closing. They must be built with heavy duty parts and counterbalance systems for speed enhancement and emergency opening function. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. A marble, paneled example, probably from the time of Augustus, was found at Pompeii; a Greek door (c. ad 200) from a tomb at Langaza, Turkey, has been preserved in the museum at Istanbul. Larger commercial, public buildings and grand homes often use doors of greater height. These are also known as power-assisted doors. There are many variations on this basic design, such as the double-leaf door or double door and French windows, which have two adjacent independent panels hinged on each side of the doorway. In China the wooden door usually consisted of two panels, the lower one solid and the upper one a wooden lattice backed with paper. Door guards protect fingers in door hinges by covering the hinge-side gap of an open door, typically with a piece of rubber or plastic that wraps from the door frame to the door. But AWS standards can also be specified, if the designer prefers. Doors can be hinged so that the axis of rotation is not in the plane of the door to reduce the space required on the side to which the door opens. Fire doors that are improperly installed or tampered with can increase risk during a fire. In Etruria many stone doors are referred to by Dennis. Thus organisations may be at risk when car doors or doors within buildings are unprotected. In 14th-century Tuscany the principal examples are the pairs of sculptured, paneled bronze doors on the Florentine Baptistery; the Gothic south doors (1330–36) are by Andrea Pisano, and the north doors (1403–24) by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Stickers or other types of warnings on the glass surface make it more visible and help prevent injury. In some cases the pivot is central, creating two equal openings. Thickness: Most pre-fabricated doors are 1 3/8" thick (for interior doors) or 1 3/4" (exterior). A safety door prevents finger injuries near the hinges without using door guards. Many doors may have good R-values at their center, but their overall energy efficiency is reduced because of the presence of glass and reinforcing elements, or because of poor weatherstripping and the way the door is manufactured. The doors of the church at Gisors (1575) are carved with figures in niches subdivided by classic pilasters superimposed. [22] The newer DIN 18101/2014 drops the definition of just five standard door sizes in favor of a basic raster running along 125 mm increments where the height and width are independent. Copper and its alloys were integral in medieval architecture. A jib door is a concealed door, whose surface reflects the moldings and finishes of the wall. A Mead door, developed by S Mead of Leicester, swings both ways. Interior doors for wheelchair access must also have a minimum width of 3'-0" (91 cm). Spandrel panel: The panel formed by the bottom of a window and the head of a lower window. There is also handle-side door protection, which prevents the door from slamming shut on the frame, which can cause injury to fingers/hands. The bronze doors on the Aachen Cathedral in Germany date back to about 800 AD. Full door protection uses front and rear anti-finger trapping devices and ensures the hinge side of a door is fully isolated. Receiving the key to a door can signify a change in status from outsider to insider. Figure 1-2. Older buildings often have smaller doors. Door weatherstripping is particularly important for energy efficiency. Sliding glass doors are common in many houses, particularly as an entrance to the backyard. Typical doors are not thick enough to provide very high levels of energy efficiency. The powerful high-speed doors have a smooth surface structure and no protruding edges. [14], Architectural doors have numerous general and specialized uses. Early doors, used throughout Mesopotamia and the ancient world, were merely hides or textiles. Some manufacturers offer models that also unlock the outside grip when the door is closed (i.e. There is an early example of the 12th century in Lincoln. According to the National Safety Council in the United States, around 300,000 door-related injuries occur every year.[24]. As the door closes, the hand is pushed out of the opening, away from harm. However, inward-hinged doors can also escalate an accident by preventing people from escaping the building: people inside the building may press against the doors, and thus prevent the doors from opening. These are usually an infrared curtain or beam, but can be a pressure mat fitted on the swing side of the door. Open Corner Sliding Glass Doors: Towards a Light & Wide Architecture. Door, barrier of wood, stone, metal, glass, paper, leaves, hides, or a combination of materials, installed to swing, fold, slide, or roll in order to close an opening to a room or building. 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